Wednesday, December 9, 2015

MENCUCI TANGAN CARA MUDAH MENGHINDARI INFEKSI DAN MENCEGAH TERJADINYA


Mencuci tangan merupakan kebiasaan yang sederhana dan merupakan cara terbaik untuk menghindari sakit. Kebiasaan sederhana ini hanya membutuhkan sabun dan air hangat atau pembersih yang tidak memerlukan air (pembersih tangan berbasis alkohol).

BAHAYA TIDAK MENCUCI TANGAN
Bakteri, virus, jamur dan penyakit parasit bisa terdapat pada kulit dan lendir, darah dan cairan tubuh lainnya. Beberapa kuman yang ditransfer melalui inhalasi dan lainnya bisa diperoleh dengan sentuhan ketika orang yang terinfeksi tidak mencuci tangan dengan teknik yang baik, yaitu dengan menggunakan sabun dan air, yang kemudian langsung menyentuh makanan.

  • Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) disebabkan oleh virus coxsackie dan enterovirus. Penyakit ini menyerupai flu yang disertai dengan terbentuknya lesi vesikular di sekitar tangan, kaki, dan mulut. Virus ini menyebar dengan memakan makanan atau minuman yang terkontaminasi dengan feses.
  • Hepatitis A merupakan infeksi virus yang menyerang hati dan sangat menular. Gejalanya seperti kelelahan, kulit menguning, urine gelap, mual dan muntah. Penularan hepatitis A terjadi ketika seseorang terinfeksi virus tidak hati-hati mencuci tangannya setelah menggunakan kamar mandi, kemudian mengolah makanan yang dikonsumsi oleh orang lain.
  • Shigellosis adalah infeksi bakteri dengan gejala diare berair, kram perut dan demam. Kadang penyakit ini berkembang menjadi disentri, tinja berisi lendir, darah dan nanah. Shigellosis menyebar dengan mudah dari satu orang ke orang lain dengan memakan makanan yang terkontaminasi oleh orang terinfeksi yang tidak cuci tangan setelah dari kamar mandi.
  • Giardiasis adalah penyakit parasit usus dengan gejala seperti perut berisi gas, kram dan diare. Giardiasis menyebar dengan mudah dengan minum air yang terinfeksi dari sumber yang tidak diobati atau melalui kontak tangan ke feces.
 Berdasarkan Pusat Pengendalian & Pencegahan Penyakit (CDC), sebanyak 76 juta warga Amerika menderita penyakit akibat makanan setiap tahunnya dan sekitar 5000 orang meninggal akibat penyakit ini. 


KAPAN SEBAIKNYA MENCUCI TANGAN?
Meskipun tidak mungkin untuk menjaga tangan anda bebas kuman, ada waktu kritis mencuci tangan untuk membatasi perpindahan bakteri, virus dan mikroba lainnya.

Cuci tangan selalu bila
1) Setelah Menggunakan Kamar mandi
2) Sebelum dan sesudah makan
3) Setelah membuang sampah & memegang kotoran
4) Sebelum dan Setelah sehabis melakukan aktifitas pekerjaan anda
5) Setelah bersin, batuk & memegang hidung
6) Sebelum dan sesudah menyentuh orang sakit atau terluka
7) Sebelum dan sesudah menangani luka atau sayatan luka
8) Sebelum memasukkan atau memindahkan kontak




Monday, December 7, 2015

Short Service Employee Program



Purpose
This program is intended to help employers keep new employees, whether experienced or inexperienced, safe and on the job. Employers should adapt the program to fit their unique needs.


Importance
During the past decade, newly assigned employees in the Texas Oil and Gas Association safety group suffered the highest rates of fatalities and catastrophic injuries. 

Approximately 65% of fatalities occurred within the first year of service. About 34% of fatalities occurred within the first three months of a new assignment! 

There is clearly an urgent need and opportunity for employers to address this problem and safeguard newly hired workers. The following information will help you create a Short Service Employee Program or improve an existing program.



Scope
This procedure applies to all company facilities and worksites.  It is important to ensure that newly placed employees work under the direction of experienced personnel.

Short Service Employees should make up no more than 50% of a single crew at one time.. Further, a crew of 5 employees or less should include no more than one Short Service Employee at a time.  Subcontractors should be included in this program.

A Short Service Employee (SSE) should be under this program for at least six months and until the SSE demonstrates the knowledge and skills necessary to perform their tasks safely.

Definitions
Mentoring - a process of transferring skills and knowledge from one person to another in a work environment.
Supervisor – The individual responsible for the direct supervision and oversight of an employee.
Short Service Employee (SSE) – A newly placed full-time or temporary employee or subcontractor with less than six months’ experience in assigned job.
Short Service Employee Mentor-Person with at least 6 months’ employment with the company who has demonstrated safe and efficient work habits.


Management Responsibilities
The responsibilities of company leadership and management are to set expectations, evaluate effectiveness and:
·         make and demonstrate a personal commitment to a strong and functional Health Safety and Environmental work culture,
·         establish a written, signed and dated HSE policy that sets compliance expectations for management and employees,
·         provide employees access to company policies, standards and procedures,
·         establish written HSE Orientation and Short Service Employee Programs for all employees newly assigned to any job or task,
·         ensure that all employees new to a job assignment are identified to the responsible supervisor(s) and placed into the HSE Orientation and Short Service Employee Programs, and
·         audit, review performance and take timely corrective actions to continually improve the effectiveness of the orientation and Short Service Employee Programs.

Supervisor Responsibilities
The responsibilities of Supervisors in the Short Service Employee Program are:
·         know which jobs and crews are using Short Service Employees,
·         ensure Short Service Employees are appropriately identified per this plan,
·         develop and communicate Job Safety Analyses (JSAs) to affected personnel upon initial assignment and when the operation changes,
·         ensure Short Service Employee Mentor possesses proper knowledge and skills in the job task assigned,
·         ensure Short Service Employee Mentor is adequately training SSE,
·         ensure Short Service Employee is gaining the necessary knowledge and skills in the job tasks, and
·         follow all safety rules and company policies.

Mentor Responsibilities
The responsibilities of the Mentor in the Short Service Employee Program are to:
·         be an experienced and responsible person assigned by the supervisor to work with the new employee, 
·         be selected based on a history of safe work and policy/procedural knowledge,
·         be able to communicate the expectations and characteristics of work tasks and their associated hazards,  
·         have a patient disposition, as well as the desire  and willingness to devote the necessary time to succeed as a mentor,
·         possess knowledge and skills in the job tasks assigned to the SSE,
·         be willing and able to effectively listen to the SSE to determine if the SSE is learning and retaining the knowledge being shared,
·         be willing to watch a SSE perform a job without interfering as long as the SSE is not in a position to harm themselves, others, the environment or the equipment,
·         adopt a positive safety attitude, avoid criticism, and strive to build confidence and self-esteem in the SSE,
·         be able to teach the SSE the proper way to create a quality JSA and to follow that JSA in performing tasks,
·         keep abreast of new equipment in their field of expertise,
·         refrain from taking shortcuts and doing anything else that jeopardizes health or safety,
·         demonstrate a positive work ethic at all times, and
·         introduce the SSE Checklist (Appendix B) to the new employee. The checklist is a tool to train the new employee and monitor progress,
·         review the checklist with the new employee periodically over a six-month period, and forward the information for supervisor and management review, and
·         follow all company policies and procedures.


Short Service Employee Responsibilities
The responsibilities of the Short Service Employee are to:
·         be willing to watch and listen to the Mentor,
·         establish a positive safety attitude toward assigned job tasks,
·         learn how to create and follow JSAs,
·         be willing to learn how to do each task in a safe and environmentally sound manner,
·         stop and report unsafe conditions immediately,
·         participate in safety meetings, and
·         follow all safety rules and company policies.

HSE Coordinator Responsibilities
The responsibilities of the HSE Coordinator in the Short Service Employee Program are to:
·         serve as subject matter resource to support the Supervisor and SSE
·         ensure the SSE gets the necessary safety training,and
·         follow all policies and procedures.

Procedures: The following procedures apply to the Short Service Employee Program.

Notification (Appendix A)
The HR department notifies worksite management/supervision and safety department of all newly hired or reassigned employees.  In turn, Management will notify the Safety Coordinator of new employees in their region who require training.

Orientation
·         Management will provide a company-approved orientation. The orientation will include a Job Orientation Checklist (Appendix C) that the supervisor reviews with each newly hired employee.
·         Each SSE will be provided orientation specifically based on job position and job-related topics prior to performing job tasks.
·         Each SSE will be taught how to access company policies, standards and procedures.
·         Satisfactory completion of the orientation must be signed and dated by the employee and supervisor.

Training
The supervisor will ensure that each SSE is properly trained per federal, state, industry, company and operator requirements before starting work when:
·         the employee is hired;
·         the employee is appointed a new job assignment; and
·         the employee is exposed to new substances, processes, procedures, equipment, etc that represent a new hazard to the employee.



The supervisor will ensure that each SSE is properly trained in:
·         the hazard(s) present in the workplace;
·         the policies, procedures, processes and PPE utilized to control these hazards and prevent illnesses, injuries, property damage and/or environmental incidents; and
·         the skills necessary to conduct their assigned jobs safely and efficiently while providing quality and economy.


Identification System
It is important for supervisors, co-workers and project managers to recognize a Short Service Employee; therefore, an identification system is developed for this purpose.  The identification system is a means of communicating to the workforce that the Short Service Employee is in a transitional period. It will not be a designation of in-experience or used to mark an employee as having lower skill sets.

The SSE will be identified by a vest, colored hardhat, decal or other clothing or PPE that prominently identifies the employee as a SSE employee.  For example, if a hardhat decal is used, it should be placed on each side of the hardhat with a label under the decal indicating the date when the employee is no longer considered to be a Short Service Employee. The Supervisor and the SSE Mentor will provide supervision and not allow the SSE to perform any task in which they have not been properly trained.  The Supervisor and the SSE Mentor will ensure that the SSE understands the task to be performed and the associated hazards.

The Supervisor removes the decals and other identifiers upon expiration of the SSE term, and after verifying that the SSE exhibits a knowledge and skill level to perform the job tasks assigned.

Documentation
The HR Specialist completes the SSE Notification form for new employees (Appendix A) and forwards to the Supervisor.

Upon completion of training, supervisor signs off and forwards notification form to HR.

All records for the SSE Orientation and Training should be maintained at the employee’s location by the Supervisor.

SSE Quality Assessment and Control
·         Management should review the effectiveness and quality of the Short Service Employee Program at least annually. 
·         SSE Orientation and Training documentation should be audited for accuracy, timeliness and completeness.
·         Onsite inspections should be conducted to ensure that supervisors, mentors and Short Service Employees are adhering to the SSE Program.
·         The number of incidents involving new employees should be measured, compared to the general workforce and evaluated for trends or performance variations.
·         Management should ensure that all program deficiencies are promptly corrected and documented.


Appendix A

COMPANY SHORT SERVICE EMPLOYEE
NOTIFICATION FORM

Short Service Employee Information (completed by HR Specialist)
Employee Name (Print)

Employee Hire Date
Change Date:
Current Job Title

Time in Present Position

Years of Oilfield Experience

Types of Oilfield Experience



SSE Mentor Information (completed by Supervisor)
Employee Name (Print)

Employee Hire Date

Current Job Title

Time in Present Position

Years of Oilfield Experience

Types of Oilfield Experience



Supervisor Sign-Off (Send to Project Manager)
Print Name:

Print Job Title:
Signature:




Send to Safety and HR Directors and retain in employee’s files.
Employee has received the required
Safety Orientation

Yes


No

Employee has received all required
Safety Training  *

Yes


No

Employee has received the required safety training except (Attach list of any exceptions)

Yes


No


* Safety training shall be determined and conducted by individual company policies and procedures, in compliance with all regulatory requirements.

Appendix B

Short Service Employee Check List


Mentor’s Initials as Completed
SSE
Initials as Completed
Short Service Employee sets clear expectations and consequences for safe behaviors.


Does not take unnecessary risks.


Asks for help when needed.


Does not try to lift or handle too heavy of a load. Gets mechanical help when needed.


Raises awareness of possible hazards.


Intervenes with unsafe behaviors.


Understands his/her “stop work” authority and responsibility


Short Service Employee demonstrates ability to do job required:


Works in a craftsman-like manner.


Has clear understanding of job to be done.


The new employee can use tools safely by:


Communicating


Demonstrating


Observing


New Employee is able to identify the following at the work site:


Struck by hazards


Crushed by hazards


Burns and scalds


Sharp objects and precautions


Trip hazards and precautions


Electrical hazards and precautions


Fall hazards and precautions


Hot and / or cold surfaces, piping and equipment


Chemical hazards and precautions


Emergency procedures


Emergency communications


Respiratory hazards and precautions


Toxic substance hazards and precautions (ex. Bromide)


Any additional hazards specific to the job site


Short Service Employee exhibits compliance to:


General safety rules and policies


Safety rules and policies specific to the job being performed


Housekeeping policies


PPE requirements


Short Service Employee shows competency on following equipment:


a.     Equipment Name:


b.     Equipment Name:


c.     Equipment Name:


Other:


_______________________________________      _____________________________________________________
 Mentor                                                                     New Employee
________________________                ____________________________
        Today’s Date                                                    New Hire Date

Review Dates:   30 day review__________  60 day review__________   90 day review___________
  120 day review__________ 150 day review__________ 180 day review___________


DIST:              Site Supervision - original                 Project File – copy               Safety Dept. - copy             


Appendix C

Job Orientation Guide


Company:
(Enter your Company Name)
Employee:
(Enter Employee Name
Trainer:
(Enter Name of Trainer)
Hire Date:
(Enter Employee's Hire Date)
Date
(Enter Date of Orientation)
Position:
(Enter Employee's Job Title)




This checklist is a guideline for conducting employee safety orientations for employees new to (Customize by adding the name of your company).  Once completed and signed by the supervisor and employee, it serves as documentation that orientation has taken place. 



Date
Initials
1.
Explain the company safety program, including:




Orientation
______
______


On-the-job training
______
______


Safety meetings
______
______


Accident investigation
______
______


Disciplinary action
______
______
2.
Use and care of personal protective equipment, (e.g., hard hat, fall protection, eye protection, foot protection, FRC, etc.)

______

______
3.
Line of communication and responsibility for immediately reporting accidents.



A.
When to report an injury
______
______

B.
How to report an injury
______
______

C.
Who to report an injury to
______
______

D.
Filling out accident report forms
______
______
4.
General overview of operation, procedures, methods and hazards as they relate to the specific job

______

______
5.
Pertinent safety rules of the company
______
______
6.
“Stop Work” Authority and responsibility is understood


7.
First aid supplies, equipment and training



A.
Obtaining treatment
______
______

B.
Location of Facilities
______
______

C.
Location and names of First-aid trained personnel
______
______
8.
Emergency plan



A.
Exit location and evacuation routes
______
______

B.
Use of fire fighting equipment (extinguishers, hose)
______
______

C.
Specific procedures (medical, chemical, etc.)
______
______
9.
Vehicle safety
______
______
10.
Personal work habits



A.
Serious consequences of horseplay
______
______

B.
Fighting
______
______

C.
Inattention
______
______

D.
Smoking policy
______
______

E.
Good housekeeping practices
______
______

F.
Proper lifting techniques
______
______

NOTE TO EMPLOYEES:  Do not sign unless ALL items are covered and ALL questions are satisfactorily answered.

The signatures below document that the appropriate elements have been discussed to the satisfaction of both parties, and that the supervisor and the employee accept responsibility for maintaining a safe and healthful work environment.

Date: ________________      Supervisor’s Signature: _________________________


Date: ________________      Employee’s Signature: __________________________